Linux Cheat Sheet

From Linuxhelp Wiki

Author:Luke
Created On:December 8th, 2000
Updated On:February 1st, 2005

The following are a few helpful hints for working with a Linux system. For more descriptive guides, search the wiki.

Contents

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Package Management

Package Management in Linux allows for the makers of a distribution to distribute software packages in a pre-defined manner. The benefits of using package management systems is that they install software with pre-set configurations, the creators have more control over where the package is installed, what configuration settings are the defaults, and an easier method of upgrading currently installed packages. There are a few different methods that are available under Linux, the main being RPM, which was originally developed by Redhat, and deb, which was originally developed by Debian GNU/Linux. Please note that there are more than this, however these are the most popular.

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RPM

RPM's are used on many different distributions, the most popular being Redhat, Mandrake and SUSE.

Installing a package: 

rpm -i ***.rpm

Upgrading a package: 

rpm -Uvh ***.rpm

Erase/uninstall a package: 

rpm -e package-name

Force installation of a package (ignore dependencies, etc.): 

rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps ***.rpm

Query the package management database: 

rpm -q package-name

Search for a package that is already installed: 

rpm -qa | grep package-name
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deb

Please note, there is a more extensive apt-get guide located here.

Firstly edit /etc/apt/sources.list and add your closest mirror and cds with debian on:

Example 

deb ftp://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stable main contrib non-free
deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 r0 _Potato_ - Official i386 Binary-1 (20000814)]

then run apt-get update

DPKG

install - dpkg -i package.deb

remove/uninstall - dpkg -r package

List files asscoiated with package -dpkg -L package

Version - dpkg -l package

Unpack A deb - dpkg -unpack package.deb

APT

install - apt-get install <package>

search - apt-cache search <package>

remove - apt-get remove <package>

(When using apt-get to download off the Internet, the .deb files are placed in /var/cache/apt/archives)

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Network Side

  • Allow Hosts -edit/etc/hosts.allow #Example Service:IP-ADDRESS
  • Deny Hosts - edit /etc/hosts.allow # Example ALL:ALL
  • Hosts on Network - edit/etc/hosts
  • Example IPADDRESS HOSTNAME HOSTNAME.DOMAINNAME
  • Set Hostname - hostname <hostname>
  • Nameservers - edit /etc/resolv.conf
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Kernel Upgrade

Refer to Joey's Kernel Compile guide for full instructions 

cp  linux-*.*.*.tar.gz ; tar zxvf linux-*.*.*.tar.gz ; mv linux /usr/src/linux-*.*.*

cd /usr/src/linux ; make menuconfig  (go to bottom save config to a file /usr/src/oldconfig)

rm /usr/src/linux ; ln -s /usr/src/linux-*.*.* ; cd /usr/src/linux

make menuconfig (go to bottom load up config file /usr/src/oldconfig, save and and exit)

make dep; make clean; make bzImage; make modules; make modules_install; make install ; reboot
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Sound Configuration

Redhat Distribution: run sndconfig In Debian: Compile soundcard module into kernel 

                       Edit /etc/modules

In Slackware: Compile module into kernel 

                       Edit/etc/rc.d/rc.modules
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Useful Information

  • run cat on these files - cat /proc/<filename>
  • Install nmap -nmap <Your IP> <- Will list ports open
  • Edit /etc/fstab- place in partitions and drives to be mount
  • Edit /etc/inittab- Change Runlevel (ie X or Console)
  • Edit /etc/inetd.conf- Add/Remove Services
  • Edit /etc/syslog.conf - Information on log files
  • Useful commands - free ; ps aux ; top
  • Changing Window Manager in Debian - update-alternatives x-window-manager
  • Changing Window Manager in Slackware -xwmconfig
  • Progammer? Use Vim? - Edit .vimrcadd these lines 
set autoindent
syn on
set cindent
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Themes

Window Maker mv wm-theme.tar.gz ~/GNUstep/Library/WindowMaker cd ~/GNUstep/Library/WindowMake tar zxvf wm-theme.tar.gz (Right click, Work space>Appearance>Themes>WM-theme)

Enlightenment mv e-theme.tar.gz /usr/share/enlightenment/themes/ || ~/.enlightenment/themes/ run e-conf

gtk mkdir ~/themes ; mkdir ~/themes/gnome/ mv gtk-theme.tar.gz gnomecc (Desktop >Theme selector)

Sawfish cp sawfish-theme.tar.gz /usr/share/sawmill || ~./sawmill/themes/

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